Tracking of Mobile Devices in Wireless Sensor Network Using Cluster Protocol

Energy consumption and security has become a primary concern in a Wireless Sensor Network. In multi-hop communications, nodes that are near a sink tend to become congested as they are responsible for forwarding data from nodes that are farther away. Thus, the closer a sensor node is to a sink, the faster its battery runs out, whereas those farther away may maintain more energy. This leads to non-uniform depletion of energy, which results in network partition due to the formation of energy holes. As a result, the sink becomes disconnected from other nodes, there by impairing the WSN. Hence, balancing the energy consumption of sensor nodes to prevent energy holes is a critical issue in WSNs. Several studies have demonstrated the benefits of using a mobile sink to reduce the energy consumption of nodes and to prevent the formation of energy holes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Particularly in delay-sensitive applications, as all sensed data must be collected within a given time constraint. In this paper, LEACH is proposed, which is a novel algorithm for reducing an energy consumption and also increasing the security of the WSN. LEACH is an energy-efficient routing protocol proposed for routing queries to target regions in a sensor field, In LEACH, the sensors are supposed to have localization hardware equipped, for example, a GPS unit or a localization system so that they know their current positions. The sensors are aware of their residual energy as well as the locations and residual energy of each of their neighbours . LEACH uses energy aware heuristics that are based on geographical information to select sensors to route a packet toward its destination region. LEACH uses a recursive geographic forwarding algorithm to disseminate the packet inside the target region. The novelty of LEACH with respect to other aggregator node election protocols is that it supports asynchronous sensor network applications where the sensor readings are fetched by the base stations after some delay. In particular, the motivation for the design of LEACH was to support reliable and persistent data storage applications. LEACH ensures load balancing, and it supports intraand inter-cluster routing allowing sensor to aggregator, aggregator to aggregator, base station to aggregator, and aggregator to base station communications.